A Survey of Recent Empirical Money Demand Studies

This paper surveys a selected number of studies that evaluated the demand for money using the error-correction model approach in the 1990s across a range of industrial and developing countries. It briefly presents issues relevant to modeling and estimating the demand for money; and synthesizes information concerning variables, data period and frequency, unit root and cointegration techniques, stability tests, and findings in a tabular form. In addition, it presents estimated long-run income elasticity and elasticities or semi-elasticities for opportunity cost and other variables in a comparable framework. It aims to provide a reference tool for future research on demand for money in various countries. Copyright 2001, International Monetary Fund

IT for Sustainable Growth

“This paper addresses the changing nature of markets in an IT-rich and Internet connected world. Through a combination of case studies, theoretical analysis and parallels between issues in developed and emerging worlds, it explores whether technology can help create economic futures that are economically, socially and environmentally sustainable for the emergent economies and also offer fresh directions for the culturally homogenised and resource wasteful west. The paper suggests that IT radically changes the `ground rules\\\' compared with the periods of intense development in western countries in the 19th and 20th centuries. In particular, IT opens the way for less centralised growth, where global communications enable local collaboration, and those at the bottom of the economic pyramid can have presence on the world stage. However, realising the potential of IT to aid sustainability may require strategic efforts to create suitable information and economic infrastructures.

Dynamir: optical manipulations using dynamic mirror brushes

Mirror surfaces are part of our everyday life. Among them, curved mirrors are used to enhance our perception of the physical space, e.g., convex mirrors are used to increase our field of view in the street, and concave mirrors are used to zoom in on parts our face in the bathroom. In this paper, we investigate the opportunities opened when these mirrors are made dynamic, so that their effects can be modulated to adapt to the environment or to a user's actions. We introduce the concept of dynamic mirror brushes that can be moved around a mirror surface. We describe how these brushes can be used for various optical manipulations of the physical space. We also present an implementation using a flexible mirror sheet and three scenarios that demonstrate some of the interaction opportunities

On Quick Measurement of Airborne Ultrasound Pressure Fields

While ultrasound has long been used in the medical field in solid and liquid mediums, it's use in air has been less thoroughly researched due to a previous lack of applications. Recently it has been used for new applications such as mid-air haptics and the levitation of small particles. These applications require accurate acoustic holograms to be generated in mid-air. In order to do so it is vital to measure accurately these pressure fields, but also quickly in order to allow for quick iteration on work, or even real-time feedback. In addition to this it is of benefit to measure the sound field without interfering with it, which microphone set ups often do due to reflections of the device used to move the microphone. This work finds these methods currently lacking, though there are techniques used in place of hydrophones in water that could be adapted to work for the in-air context such as thermography

Introduction to the Non-dualism Approach in Hinduism and its Connection to Other Religions and Philosophies

In this paper, we introduce the Hinduism religion and philosophy. We start with introducing the holy books in Hinduism including Vedas and Upanishads. Then, we explain the simplistic Hinduism, Brahman, gods and their incarnations, stories of apocalypse, karma, reincarnation, heavens and hells, vegetarianism, and sanctity of cows. Then, we switch to the profound Hinduism which is the main core of Hinduism and is monotheistic. In profound Hinduism, we focus on the non-dualism or Advaita Vedanta approach in Hinduism. We discuss consciousness, causality, Brahman, psychology based on Hinduism, supportive scientific facts for Hinduism, the four levels of truth, Maya, and answers of Hinduism to the hard problems of science. The four paths of knowledge, love, karma, and meditation are explained as well as the cosmic mind, the subtle body, and Aum. The risks for every path are also explained. Then, we introduce the orthodox and heterodox Indian schools including Yoga, Nyaya, Advaita Vedanta, Vishishtadvaita, and Dvaita. Connections to some other religions including Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Islamic mysticism, and Zoroastrianism are analyzed. Finally, we explain the connection of Hindu philosophy with the Greek, western, and Islamic philosophies which include the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, Spinoza, Descartes, Hegel, Avicenna, Suhrawardi, and Mulla Sadra

SkinHaptics: ultrasound focused in the hand creates tactile sensations

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Distance-related Properties of Corona of Certain Graphs

A graph G is called a m−eccentric point graph if each point of G has exactly m ≥ 1 eccentric points. When m = 1, G is called a unique eccentric point (u.e.p) graph. Using the notion of corona of graphs, we show that there exists a m−eccentric point graph for every m ≥ 1. Also, the eccentric graph Ge of a graph G is a graph with the same points as those of G and in which two points u and v are adjacent if and only if either u is an eccentric point of v or v is an eccentric point of u in G. We obtain the structure of the eccentric graph of corona G ◦ H of self-centered or non-self-centered u.e.p graph G with any other graph H and obtain its domination number

Sparkle: Hover Feedback with Touchable Electric Arcs

Many finger sensing input devices now support proximity input, enabling users to perform in-air gestures. While near-surface interactions increase the input vocabulary, they lack tactile feedback, making it hard for users to perform gestures or to know when the interaction takes place. Sparkle stimulates the fingertip with touchable electric arcs above a hover sensing device to give users in-air tactile or thermal feedback, sharper and more feelable than acoustic mid-air haptic devices. We present the design of a high voltage resonant transformer with a low-loss soft ferrite core and self-tuning driver circuit, with which we create electric arcs 6 mm in length, and combine this technology with infrared proximity sensing in two proof-of-concept devices with form factor and functionality similar to a button and a touchpad. We provide design guidelines for Sparkle devices and examples of stimuli in application scenarios, and report the results of a user study on the perceived sensations. Sparkle is the first step towards providing a new type of hover feedback, and it does not require users to wear tactile stimulators

Random access over multiple access channels: a queuing perspective

This paper investigates a slotted random access system where packet capture is modeled using communication theoretic techniques. It is shown that the optimum rates and attempt probabilities depend on the receiver architecture, operating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and block length. High SNR analysis reveals that joint decoder asymptotically yields either a collision channel or a non-interacting channel, and single-user decoder results in a collision channel. Specific scenarios are investigated at intermediate SNR to determine when this all-or-nothing regime applies